Archive for month: March, 2012
What Are Neodymium Magnets?
Neodymium magnets are a type of rare earth magnet. They are the strongest magnets, rare earth and can be very dangerous if handled properly. They are often called rare earth magnets, since they belong to the rare earth elements in the periodic table. They are not the same as rare earth magnets. There are different types of rare earth magnets and Neodymium magnets are a type.
Neodymium magnets are the strongest permanent magnets available today.
Neodymium magnets are also known as neodymium iron boron magnets and Nd-Fe-B, or NIB great because they are composed of these elements. These magnets are very strong for its small size and are metallic appearance.Identification neodymiummagnets
There are three different ways you can identify groups of neodymium magnets.
The easiest way is to use a different neodymium magnet, which has already been scored. Under the magnetic properties, magnetic north pole is marked to attract the North Pole is unmarked neodymium and expelled the South Pole.
Take a compass and closer to the neodymium magnet to dial. The North Pole of the compass will be attracted by the neodymium magnet south pole and repelled by the North Pole.
Attributes of Neodymium magnets
There are several properties of neodymium magnets that distinguish them from other magnets.
Neodymium magnets are very powerful permanent magnets. In fact, the strongest of all rare earth magnets and the strongest permanent magnets available today.
Neodymium magnets have a very high demagnetization resistance. This makes them very useful in many types of industrial applications.
Even small neodymium magnets are very energy intensive. This makes them easily transferable from one place to another.
They are good at room temperature.
Another important feature neodymium magnets, which are added to the popularity of the accessibility factor. neodymium magnets, unlike previous high-strength magnets such as samarium cobalt magnets have a very low price and convenient for farmers and researchers to their limited budgets.
Neodymium magnets are very corrosive and must be handled with care. It is best to cover the production of long-term energy and greater use.
Neodymium magnets have a low operating temperature for applications in heat and can ignite at high temperatures.
Take the magnet and the waves in the string so that it is freely rotating. The Arctic is a magnet located in the north.
Therefore, the neodymium magnets have many features that increase the variety of applications that can be used. Neodymium magnets are many commercial and industrial applications.
Magnet may transform high-field research
The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University says it’s been given nearly $3 million to build a new kind of superconducting magnet.
Officials say they expect the new magnet will break records for magnetic field strength, make possible new types of science and save vast amounts of energy and money.
The magnet, funded by a $2 million National Science Foundation grant and a $1 million award from the university, is expected to generate a magnetic field of 32 Tesla. Tesla is the scientific unit of measure of magnetic field strength.
Scientists said such a magnetic field would be more than 3,000 times stronger than a typical refrigerator magnet, and about 45 percent more powerful than the strongest superconducting magnets available today.
The material that will be used for the new magnet is a type of high-temperature superconductor called yttrium barium copper oxide. Researchers say it promises to revolutionize research in high magnetic fields.
The magnet is scheduled for completion in 2012.
© 2009 United Press International, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2009/10/28/Magnet-may-transform-high-field-research/UPI-13671256758860/
Micro-structure-influence research on the double phase nano-composite permanent magnet
Micro-structure-influence research on the double phase nano-composite permanent magnet
As new permanent magnets, double-phase nanocomposite permanent magnets have recently attracted considerable attention. This type of alloys integrates advantages of hard magnetic phase??s high magnetocrystalline anisotropy and soft magnetic phase??s high saturation magnetization, and obtains the excellent magnetic properties through exchange-coupled interaction on a scale of the order nm. Theoretical estimation indicates that double-phase nanocomposite permanent magnet material??s energy product may reach as high as 800kJ/m3, higher than any kind of single-phase permanent-magnet material. This kind of material also has characteristics of low rare earth content and good chemical stability, Therefore, it is of great practical value and to be the new generation of low price caking permanent-magnet material, it will have promising application prospect.
Firstly, this author studied the take-shape craft of double-phase nanocomposite permanent magnet material, including the performance by pressure and time??s maintenance to magnet??s density and the magnetism.
The result indicates that the magnet density increases along with the pressure and time. The magnet density reaches the biggest one when pressure is 600MPa and time is 150s. When the pressure or the time is continually increased, the magnet density will no longer increase, there is possibility to create break interior and reduce the production efficiency. This suppressed craft was still used in following experiments.
Magnet application in life
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Optimization Design of Permanent Magnetic Mechanism in High Magnetic Field
Optimization Design of Permanent Magnetic Mechanism in High Magnetic Field
The permanent magnets with high field intensity are used in medical systems,military affair and high-energy physics fields.They are usually electromagnets or superconductor magnets at present.If we design the size of the permanent magnetic mechanism properly,there will be much higher magnetic field than its remanence in the center,and it can replace the superconductor magnet and electromagnet.So with the development of properties about permanent magnetic material,the optimization design of the permanent magnetic mechanism with high magnetic field must develop well in the future in the magnetic field.
There is a kind of special permanent magnetic mechanism permanent magic ring which is made up of permanent magnet blocks.Their magnetized direction changes equably.In the assembly complex process, the permanent magnet blocks with different magnetized direction will impact each other, and might bring the local demagnetization or saturation.So the work point of permanent magnetic material might be at the whole hysteresis loop including minor hysteresis loop.The traditional method only considers the demagnetized curve of the magnetic material, so inevitably there are some errors in simulating the magnetic characteristic in the high magnetic field.
The Crackdown on Illegal Rare Earth Mining
The illegal rare earth mining in China have resulted in skewed export numbers with further implications reaching to the loss of revenue, held down prices, and environmental concerns surrounding the small operations. In the face of this problem, the Chinese government has repeatedly vowed to shut down these illegal mining operations a task proving to be more difficult to achieve. However, mining and processing rare earth elements is difficult to undertake beneath the watchful eye of the Chinese government. This has raised the question of how illegal and clandestine these rare earth operations truly are.
Although official numbers are impossible to judge due to the illicit nature of the operations, Dr. Chen Zhanheng, Deputy Director of the Chinese Society of Rare Earth stated, It is estimated that there were about 30 to 40 thousand tons of rare earth products smuggled from China every year.
Rare Earth Investing News spoke with Christopher Ecclestone, Mining Strategist for Hallgarten and Co. about the Chinese crackdown on illegal mining operations and the effects on the rare earth market.
I don’t think they know what the numbers are, so I would not hazard a guess. None of the illegal producers are big operations, so how can anyone know how much they are producing? stated Ecclestone, adding, Unless the illegals are not as illegal as we think they are. A country that dominates the rare earth space, and has that many producers engaged in illegal activity, and doing all this in a relatively small geographical area, if the Chinese government had wanted to stop it, they could have years ago.
Due to the fact that there is no real way of knowing the exact total of illegally produced rare earth elements, according to Christopher Ecclestone, the very definition of illegal mining is something to question. Furthermore, the rare earth mining process and the complexity of processing operations, calls into question the clandestine nature of these illegal operations. It is hard to believe that these operations have been going on for years under the nose of the Chinese government.
I think the government is just changing the definition. It’s so big, and it’s been going on for so long in the open. We are talking about moving rivers, and other major earth works to accomplish the mining, and the government does not know that this is going on? I find it totally incredulous, stated Ecclestone, adding, You have to also process the material, get it to the ports, and ship the material out of the ports, I just don’t believe it was ever illegal.
When asked whether the crackdown on small scale operations could be an attempt to consolidate the rare earth industry, a stated goal of the Chinese government, Christopher Ecclestone stated, Yes, exactly. They did the same thing in the coal mining industry, where a lot of small coal mining operations were closed down. A lot of small scale mining happens in China, it’s not always individuals. It could be the local towns, or mining brigades, collectives that are engaged in mining activities.
The small scale operations that are being shut down may just be a ploy to further consolidate the rare earth space in China. The southern province of Jiangxi has only 88 licenses for rare earth mines soon to be whittled down to one mega-licensebut small producers have typically eluded Beijing’s reach, reported Leslie Hook, for the Financial Times. The change of definition from small rare earth producer to illegal miner could be just the tool to further consolidate the industry, shutdown a significant production, and further raise the price of rare earth elements.
The Chinese government has stepped up its enforcement of rare earth mining operations without an official license. What effect the crackdown will have on exports is hard to gauge. Undoubtedly, the reduced production will continue to support the high price of the material. However, the strict official export quota has far more effect on pricing than the illegal smuggling of the rare earth elements.
What is the magnets?
A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets.
A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. An everyday example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone. Although ferromagnetic (and ferrimagnetic) materials are the only ones attracted to a magnet strongly enough to be commonly considered magnetic, all other substances respond weakly to a magnetic field, by one of several other types of magnetism.
Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into magnetically “soft” materials like annealed iron, which can be magnetized but do not tend to stay magnetized, and magnetically “hard” materials, which do. Permanent magnets are made from “hard” ferromagnetic materials such as alnico and ferrite that are subjected to special processing in a powerful magnetic field during manufacture, to align their internal microcrystalline structure, making them very hard to demagnetize. To demagnetize a saturated magnet, a certain magnetic field must be applied, and this threshold depends on coercivity of the respective material. “Hard” materials have high coercivity, whereas “soft” materials have low coercivity.
An electromagnet is made from a coil of wire that acts as a magnet when an electric current passes through it but stops being a magnet when the current stops. Often, an electromagnet is wrapped around a core of ferromagnetic material like steel, which enhances the magnetic field produced by the coil.
The overall strength of a magnet is measured by its magnetic moment or, alternately, the total magnetic flux it produces. The local strength of the magnetism in a material is measured by its magnetization.
